Rounded shoulders is where your shoulders are rotated forward, pulling the shoulder girdle forward, which shortens your chest muscles and stretches your upper back and trapezius muscles. It is often a result of upper cross syndrome, which includes a forward head posture and kyphosis. Upper cross syndrome is thought to
Upper cross syndrome refers to the hunched posture of the upper body, particularly in the shoulder girdle, neck and head, and upper spine. Certain upper body muscles are considered “tight” and “weak,” which may cause less flexibility in the shoulders, discomfort, and pain. Former clients whom I used to see
If you had spent many hours on your phone or computer, you may have heard warnings about forward head posture. Some clinicians and fitness trainers claim on social media that forward head may damage your neck and spine and is the primary cause of migraines. Does scientific evidence support this
Posture is one of the most common explanations you may have heard about as a primary cause of back pain. You likely have seen products and services online that promise to “fix your posture,” such as posture correctors, corrective exercise, and chiropractic adjustments. Posture matters to a degree, but not
A 2025 systematic review published in the European Journal of Physiotherapy reported that pain neuroscience education may reduce chronic neck pain compared with other therapies. Based on seven randomized-controlled trials with a total of 11 interventions and 422 people, the researchers found pain education groups “showed effectiveness” for kinesiophobia, fear
An international group of researchers has developed a standardized dataset aimed at improving how pain researchers document social and structural factors that influence pain. The initiative, known as Identifying Social factors that Stratify Health Opportunities and Outcomes (ISSHOOs), outlines a core set of sociodemographic variables that pain studies should collect
For decades, the standard advice for patients with cancer was rest: Conserve energy, avoid exertion, and let treatments work. More recently, science has rewritten that script. Emerging evidence from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) underscores that exercise isn’t just safe—it’s a powerful
When Lt. Col. Henry Beecher tended wounded soldiers not long after World War II, he noticed that many had varying degrees of pain despite having similar wounds. In his study published in Annals of Surgery in 1946, Beecher wrote that there is “a common belief that wounds are inevitably associated
If you have bumped your elbow against a table, you probably have instinctively massaged your elbow to reduce the pain. But why do you feel less pain when you rub it? And speaking of rubbing, why do many people tend to get short-term pain relief after a massage session?
Pain is an unpleasant sensation, but it isn’t always an indication that there’s tissue damage, disease, or abnormalities in your body. After all, there are many people who have shoulder “abnormalities” or leg length discrepancies with no pain and can function well. Some amputees have pain in their leg or
Part one of exercise and cancer highlights the evidence of what and how exercise can reduce the risk of cancer and the biological mechanisms behind exercise on cancer. Part two focuses on the psychological, social, and environmental factors that reduce the risk of some cancer and improve cancer survivors’ quality
A 15-year Canadian study of 889 patients with colon cancer found that those who exercised regularly had about a 25% lower risk of cancer recurrence and death over a five-year period than the control group who received health education. Published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2025, the